Alamgir II, born Aziz-ud-Din, was the Mughal Emperor of India from 1754 to 1759. He was the second son of Jahandar Shah, a Mughal Emperor who reigned briefly in 1712–1713. Despite his imperial lineage, Alamgir II’s life was characterized by political turbulence, overshadowed by the ambitions of more powerful courtiers and foreign powers. His full name, Mirza Aziz-ud-Din Alamgir II, symbolized a connection to his revered predecessor, Aurangzeb Alamgir, though his reign lacked the glory and might of Aurangzeb’s era.